一种改进的基于时间竞争成簇的路由算法

doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2019.08.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为平衡无线传感器网络中的簇头负载并进一步降低多跳传输能耗,文中提出了一种改进的基于时间竞争成簇的路由算法。该算法通过限制近基站节点成簇入簇,以防止近基站节点成簇入簇的节能收益无法补偿成簇入簇能耗;利用基站广播公共信息和基于时间机制成簇,以减少节点基本信息交换能耗;通过候选簇头中继来平衡簇头负载。候选簇头的评价函数综合考虑了剩余能量和最优跳数的理想路径,以期在保持中继负载平衡的基础上尽量降低多跳能耗。仿真结果显示,该算法较LEACH和DEBUC算法延长了以30%节点死亡为网络失效的网络生存周期,表明该算法在降低节点能耗和平衡负载方面是有效的。

关键词: 无线传感器网络, 路由算法, 成簇, LEACH, 最优跳数, 候选簇头

Abstract:

To balance load of cluster heads in wireless sensor networks and reduce extra energy consumption, this paper proposed a modified routing algorithm based on time competition clustering. Firstly, the algorithm limited sensors closed to base station into cluster to avoid that clustering energy saving benefits could not compensate for the cluster energy consumption. Secondly, the algorithm used base station broadcast common messages and clustered with time competition to reduce energy consumption for basic information exchange. Thirdly, the algorithm chose nodes according to optimal hops and high residual energy in candidates of cluster-heads as next relay node. In this way, the algorithm could balance load of cluster heads and save more energy. As shown in the simulation experiment, compared with LEACH and DEBUC, the algorithm prolonged network lifetime which used 30% nodes death as network failure, indicating the algorithm was valid in decreasing energy consumption and balancing load.

Key words: wireless sensor networks, routing algorithm, clustering, LEACH, optimal hops, candidates of cluster-head

中图分类号:

TN926

孙振,王凯,王亚刚. 一种改进的基于时间竞争成簇的路由算法[J]. 电子科技, 2019, 32(8): 27-32.

SUN Zhen,WANG Kai,WANG Yagang. A Modified Routing Algorithm Based on Time Competition Clustering[J]. Electronic Science and Technology, 2019, 32(8): 27-32.

图/表 6

图1

图2

表1

图3

图4

图5

参考文献 16

[1]	Hematkhah H, Kavian Y S . DCPVP:distributed clustering protocol using voting and priority for wireless sensor networks[J]. Sensors, 2015,15(3):5763-82.
[2]	蒋畅江, 任云 . 能耗均衡的随机分布WSNs路由协议[J]. 计算机工程与设计, 2018,39(4). 949-954.
	Jiang Changjiang, Ren Yun . Energy-efficient routing protocol in wireless sensor networks with random distribution[J]. Computer Engineering and Design, 2018,39(4):949-954.
[3]	Haseeb K, Bakar K A, Abdullah A H , et al. Adaptive energy aware cluster-based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks[J]. Wireless Networks, 2016,23(6):1-14.
[4]	Heinzelman W B, Chandrakasan A P, Balakrishnan H , et al. An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication, 2002,1(4):660-670.
[5]	李成法, 陈贵海, 叶懋 , 等. 一种基于非均匀分簇的无线传感器网络路由协议[J]. 计算机学报, 2007,30(1):27-36.
	Li Chengfa, Chen Guihai, Ye Mao , et al. An uneven cluster based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks[J]. Chinese Journal of Computers, 2007,30(1):27-36.
[6]	蒋畅江, 石为人, 唐贤伦 , 等. 能量均衡的无线传感器网络[J]. 软件学报, 2012,23(5):1222-1232.
	Jiang Changjiang, Shi Weiren, Tang Xianlun , et al. Energy-balanced unequal clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks[J]. Journal of Software, 2012,23(5):1222-1232.
[7]	Mehmood A, Lloret J, Noman M , et al. Improvement of the wireless sensor network lifetime using LEACH with Vice-Cluster head[J]. Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks, 2015,28(1):1-17.
[8]	孙彦清, 彭舰, 刘唐 , 等. 基于动态分区的无线传感器网络非均匀成簇路由协议[J]. 通信学报, 2014,35(1):198-206.
	Sun Yanqing, Peng Jian, Liu Tang , et al. Uneven clustering routing protocol based on dynamic partition for wireless sensor network[J]. Journal on Conmmunications, 2014,35(1):198-206.
[9]	Afsar M, Tayarani-N M H, Aziz M . An adaptive competition-based clustering approach for wireless sensor networks[J]. Telecommunication Systems, 2016,61(1):181-204.
[10]	陶志勇, 王和章, 刘影 . 大规模无线传感网基于泊松混合模型的成簇路由协议[J]. 小型微型计算机系统, 2018,39(5):910-917.
	Tao Zhiyong, Wang Hezhang, Liu Ying . Clustering routing protocol based on possion mixture model in large-scale Wireless sensor networks[J]. Journal of Chinese Computer System, 2018,39(5):910-917.
[11]	Luo Qinghua, Peng Yu, Peng Xiyuan , et al. Uncertain data clustering-based distance estimation in wireless sensor networks[J]. Sensors, 2014,14(4):6584-6605.
[12]	孙超, 彭力, 唐波 . 基于环的能耗均衡分簇路由算法[J]. 计算机应用研究, 2018,35(6):1822-1826.
	Sun Chao, Peng Li, Tang Bo . Ring-based energy- balanced clustering routing algorithm[J]. Application Research of Computers, 2018,35(6):1822-1826.
[13]	汪振前, 赵明, 武正江 . 自提名式非均匀分簇路由协议[J]. 小型微型计算机系统, 2017,38(6):1181-1186.
	Wang Zhenqian, Zhao Ming, Wu Zhengjiang , Selfnominated non uniform clustering routing protocol[J]. Journal of Chinese Computer System, 2017,38(6):1181-1186.
[14]	武正江, 赵明, 邓伊琴 . 一种新的无线传感器网络非均匀分簇双簇头算法--UDCH算法[J]. 小型微型计算机系统, 2016,37(12):2612-2616.
	Wu Zhengjiang, Zhao Ming, Deng Yiqin . New uneven double cluster head clustering algorithm for WSN -UDCH algorithm[J]. Journal of Chinese Computer System, 2016,37(12):2612-2616.
[15]	Banerjee S, Chowdhury C, Chattopadhyay S , et al. Two phased routing protocol incorporating distributed genetic algorithm and gradient based heuristic in clustered WSN[J]. Wireless Personal Communications, 2017,97(14):1-25.
[16]	Wang Jin, Young-Koo Lee. Determination of the optimal hop number for wireless sensor networks [C].Suwon:International Conference on Computational Science and ITS Applications,Springer-Verlag, 2009.

参数	值
区域面积	400 m×400 m
基站坐标	(200,200)
节点数目	1 600
节点初始能量	0.3 J
数据包大小	4 000 bit
节点基本信息大小	50 bit
竞争半径参数R₀、a、b	60、0.6、0.35
代价函数参数α、β	0.4,0.6
射频能耗系数E_elec	50 nJ·bit^-1
能耗系数E_fs	10 pJ·(bit^-1·m^-2)
能耗系数E_mp	0.001 3 pJ·(bit^-1·m^-4)
数据融合能耗	5 nJ·bit^-1