基于Maxwell软件的车用永磁有刷直流电机效率优化

doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2023.11.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

永磁有刷直流电机被广泛应用于汽车领域,“碳汇计划”要求汽车能源消耗进一步降低,因此电机效率优化问题也日益突出。文中以车载冷却风扇用的永磁有刷直流电动机为研究对象,针对电机效率低下问题,采用Maxwell有限元分析软件,通过仿真参数化分析转子叠片长度、叠片槽形、绕组线径、绕组节距以及绕线匝数对电机性能的影响,结合仿真结果以及实际生产情况,确定可行的电机效率优化方案。依据优化方案制作样件进行实测,测试数据显示电机效率提升约4.8%,电机效率优化效果明显。

关键词: 永磁电机, Maxwell, 电机损耗, 效率优化, 转子, 定子, 铁损, 铜损

Abstract:

Permanent magnet brush DC motor is widely used in the automotive field. "Carbon sink Plan" requires the further reduction of automotive energy consumption, so the optimization problem of motor efficiency is becoming increasingly prominent. Based on vehicle cooling fan with permanent magnet brush DC motor as the research object, in view of the motor inefficiencies, using the finite element analysis software Maxwell, through simulation and parametric analysis of the rotor lamination length, laminated slots, winding wire diameter, winding pitch, winding circle number influences the performance of motor, combined with the simulation results and actual production conditions, determine the feasible motor efficiency optimization scheme. According to the optimization scheme, the sample is made and measured. The test data show that the motor efficiency is improved by 4.8%, and the optimization effect of motor efficiency is obvious.

Key words: permanent magnet motor, Maxwell, motor loss, efficiency of optimization, rotor, stator, core loss, copper loss

中图分类号:

U463.6

陈凡凡,孙宁. 基于Maxwell软件的车用永磁有刷直流电机效率优化[J]. 电子科技, 2023, 36(11): 83-88.

CHEN Fanfan,SUN Ning. Optimization of Automotive Permanent Magnet Brush DC Motor Efficiency Based on Maxwell Software[J]. Electronic Science and Technology, 2023, 36(11): 83-88.

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参数	数值	参数	数值
额定功率	400 W	定子外径	112 mm
额定电压	13 V	永磁体长度	35 mm
额定电流	31 A	转子外径	91 mm
额定转矩	1.1 N·m	转子槽数	20
额定转速	2 200±200	极数	4

增环	基本尺寸+公差/mm	减环	基本尺寸+公差/mm
机壳高度	58.6±0.1	前盖深度	4.00±0.10
后盖深度	8.0±0.1	后轴承	6.94±0.06
		后挡圈	1.00±0.04
		挡圈间尺寸	52.60±0.05
		前轴丝挡圈	0.80±0.10

输入参数	优化前/mm	优化后/mm
Hs₀	1.10	1.53
Hs₁	1.60	1.48
Hs₂	12.30	14.90
Bs₀	3.20	3.20
Bs₁	8.90	9.60
Bs₂	5.00	5.10
Rs	1.50	1.10

绕组节距	电流/A	转速/r·min^-1	输出功率/W	效率/%
整距节距(5槽)	31.96	2 455	283	73.72
短距节距(4槽)	35.21	2 742	316	74.71

变化点	原样件	优化样件
绕线直径	0.63 mm	0.67 mm
绕线节距	整距节距	短距节距
绕线匝数	双层11+12	双层12+13
转子叠片	原槽形	优化槽形
叠片厚度	23.00 mm	23.50 mm