无人机辅助通信的密集无线网络MAC协议

doi:10.19665/j.issn1001-2400.2022.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

面向无人机辅助下的密集无线网络通信场景,针对地面固定基站传输造成的网络吞吐量受限问题,聚焦无人机覆盖范围内通信网络的性能提升,提出了一种无人机辅助通信的密集无线网络媒体访问控制协议。首先,基于密集无线网络中不同位置通信设备形成的通信异构性,构建了一种新型的无人机辅助密集无线网络通信模型;其次,引入初始竞争窗口系数、子系数及其权值的概念,创新设计了通信节点的初始竞争窗口,分析了无人机移动环境下通信节点的退出概率,提出了一种新型媒体访问控制协议;最后,采用三维马尔可夫模型对协议的归一化饱和吞吐量及访问公平性进行评估,进而确定了一定条件下吞吐量最大化时的初始竞争窗口子系数权值。仿真分析表明,与现有媒体访问控制协议相比,本协议平均归一化饱和吞吐量在基础接入机制下约增长1倍,在RTS/CTS机制下提升约51%,同时,本协议实现了对接入时间短的节点传输性能提升,即可获得较大的吞吐量和较短的时延。

关键词: 无人机, 密集无线网络, 媒体访问控制, 通信异构性, 饱和吞吐量

Abstract:

Facing the dense wireless network communication scene assisted by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs),Aiming at the problem of a limited network throughput caused by transmission of fixed base stations on the ground,and focusing on the improvement of communication network performance within the coverage of UAVs,a UAV Assisted Dense network Medium Access Controlprotocol (UAD-MAC) is proposed.First,based on the heterogeneous communication of different devices in a dense network,we propose a novel UAV assisted dense wireless network communication model.Second,the concepts of initial competition window coefficient,sub-coefficient and their weights are introduced.We design a new MAC protocol by combining the design of the initial contention window and the nodes quitting probability in UAV mobile environment.Finally,a three-dimensional Markov model is used to evaluate the normalized saturated throughput and access fairness,and then we determine the sub-coefficient weights of the initial contention window to maximize the throughput.Simulation results show that the average normalized saturated throughput of the UAD-MAC protocol is nearly doubled under the basic access mechanism and increased by about 51% under the RTS/CTS mechanism compared with the existing protocol.Moreover,the loop with a smaller access time can obtain a higher throughput and lower delay.

Key words: unmanned aerial vehicle, dense wireless networks, medium access control, communication heterogeneity, saturated throughput

中图分类号:

TN919.2

杨欣,毛雅淇,王伶. 无人机辅助通信的密集无线网络MAC协议[J]. 西安电子科技大学学报, 2022, 49(3): 10-20.

YANG Xin,MAO Yaqi,WANG Ling. MAC protocol for the dense wireless network of UAV assisted communication[J]. Journal of Xidian University, 2022, 49(3): 10-20.

图/表 9

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图2

图3

表1

各类符号及含义"

符号	含义	符号	含义
δ/μs	空时隙的持续时间	T_ACK/μs	发送ACK帧的时间
L/bit	有效载荷长度	T_RTS/μs	发送RTS帧的时间
L^*/bit	碰撞中最长帧的长度	T_CTS/μs	发送CTS帧的时间
T_E_[_L_]/μs	发送平均有效载荷的时间	T_o/μs	帧传输发生碰撞到再次侦听信道需要等待的时间
$T E [L *]$ /μs	发送长度为E(L^*)的有效载荷的时间	T_{ACK_timeout}/μs	ACK计时器超时的持续时间
T_s/μs	因成功传输而感知信道忙的平均时间	T_{CTS_timeout}/μs	CTS计时器超时的持续时间
T_c/μs	发生碰撞的平均时间	T_SIFS/μs	SIFS持续时间
T_H/μs	发送报头时间	T_DIFS/μs	DIFS持续时间

表1

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表2

图5

图6

图7

参考文献 15

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参数	取值	参数	取值
有效载荷长度/bit	8 184	ACK帧长	112 bit+PHY header
物理层头部(PHY header)/bit	128	RTS帧长	160 bit+PHY header
MAC层头部(MAC header)/bit	272	CTS帧长	112 bit+PHY header
信息速率/(mb·s^-1)	1	传播时延/μs	1
无人机通信覆盖半径/m	100	T_{ACK_timeout}/μs	300
无人机飞行速度/(m·s^-1)	10	T_{CTS_timeout}/μs	300
基准初始竞争窗口(W_i_,0)_max	64	SIFS/μs	28
重试限制	5	DIFS/μs	128
通信设备密度/(台·km^-2)	10 000~100 000	空时隙持续时间/μs	50